Introduction: Nicolaus Steno and earth science in early modern Italy

A group of scientists interested in history science and fascinated by the figure Nicolaus Steno (1638-1686) gathered Florence for 350th anniversary publication his De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento prodromus dissertationis. public conference held at Palazzo Fenzi on 16 October 2019 a geological fieldtrip following day were occasions to discuss different points view last published work Danish natural philosopher, dedicated "solids naturally enclosed other solids" (De contento, or short). The title gathering, "Galilean foundation solid earth", emphasized philosophical context that found Florence, where 1666-1668 he established tight human bonds with renowned Italian disciples Galileo Galilei members Accademia del Cimento. For participants Museum Natural History University hosting some Steno's specimens, region Tuscany itself, formed perfect location phenomena had observed from 1666-1668, motivations research, methodology discovery and, generally stated, European scientific which informed inquiry. Some talks given meeting are included within this volume, kindly hosted Substantia, International Journal Chemistry Press. In addition invited speakers who unable attend, also contributed paper publication. collection is about earth early modern period, when study minerals, rocks, fossilized remains living things did not yet form distinct path knowledge history, but was an integral part wider "philosophy nature".